It is because even I'm confused about biotechnology.

Whenever, the topic of biotechnology comes up, I heard a lot of people saying that biotechnology is a booming industry. It has got a great future. It is a field in demand.

But, when I ask about the job, salary etc. normally the response I find is very disappointing. I have found that even after doing graduation you don't end up getting a good job and pay package of just around 2500 dollars while in other engineering fields the students generally end in getting a good job and pay package of around 8000 dollars. I have even heard the cases in which people just get around 3000 dollars even after doing doctorate and having several publications.

Such news are very depressing as it really creates a doubt in the mind of the student that whether his choice was right or wrong. Eventually, the students have to shift their stream to get good money.

I feel that this is really a hard time for biotechnology students as they have entered into a very risky field which if really goes for a true boom then they would be on top of this world otherwise they won't even get chance to hide from disgrace.

But, whenever you go and inquire in any college, they will always say that biotechnology is an upcoming field which holds a great promise in future. They are really intelligent enough of not to disclose the real secret.

So, ultimately I conclude that biotechnology is an upcoming for only the educational institutes who taking students like anything and at the end of four years leaving these students in the middle of road. It is nothing more than a hype created by the colleges and journalists.

Some example of advertisements:

• A Toothpaste that fight germs brings you a step closer to better dental health
• A lotion for healthy, young looking skin
  • Hypo-allergenic
  • Dermatology tested
• A face cream with CLA technology for radiantly youthful skin

Advertisers know that readers accept science as the basis for truth. Manufacturers improve their products with the help of science. New developments and discoveries in science are reported in the newspapers almost everyday. So, everyday we can avail of different products for better use and beneficial to the consumers.

Before you start buying Moon Land, read my article: Alternative Investments: 5 good reasons NOT to buy Land on the Moon

They don't sell it. Point made.

Before you prosecute me, read the other side of the story: Alternative Investments: 5 good reasons to buy land on the Moon

During World War II the allies faced many complex problems and to overcome these problems operational research teams were set up, consisting of mathematicians, physicists and other scientists, who pooled their knowledge to solve problems. After the war, their ideas were applied to industrial problems which were previously unsuccessfully solved by conventional means. With the aid of the electronic computer, these procedures became known as the "management science" school relying heavily on quantitative methods.

The contribution of the quantitative school was greatest in the areas of planning and control. However, many doubted the ability of this school to deal effectively with "people." The techniques in this school consisted of capital budgeting, production scheduling, optimum inventory levels and development of product strategies

The management science school differs from the classical and behavioral schools in the following ways:

• The classical or scientific management approach concentrates on the efficiency of the manufacturing process. The management science school places greater weight on the overall planning and decision-making process. Technical efficiency is merely seen as a tool instead of an end in itself;
• It relies heavily on the use of computers and mathematical models in planning;
• It is focused on the evaluation of effectiveness of models like the techniques of the use of models in managerial decision making: the return on investment analysis for example. .

In essence, by using computers and quantitative analysis techniques, the management science school has made it possible to consider the effect of a number of variables in organizations which may otherwise have been overlooked. It must be emphasized that statistical evidence alone may not be sufficient to solve various management problems. The more comprehensive techniques of the behavioral school or the administrative management approach may still be needed to complement. Especially the behavioral school has the ability to look at the welfare of staff and can identify the reasons behind certain behavior.

The scientific, administrative management science and behavioral approaches are useful in different circumstances, but it is difficult to be sure which one is right in a given situation. The systems and contingency approaches may provide a more complete integrated approach to the problems of management.

In the mid-nineteenth century, traditional management practices were found to be inadequate to meet demands from the changing economic, social and technological environment. Numerous enterprises were simply functioning inefficiently. A few pioneers examined the causes of these inefficiencies and tried to try to find more efficient methods and procedures for running a firm. These basic experiments gave birth to a system which became known as scientific management. Its method relied heavily on finding the "one best way" to solve every operating using scientific methods of research. The concept involved a way of thinking about management.

F.W. Taylor (1856-1917)

F.W. Taylor can be identified as the "father" of the scientific management movement. He came from a middle-class family and studied to become an engineer. He was successful in his career and managed to move up to a high position in an American steel firm. He was obsessed with finding the best method of doing jobs and conducted numerous experiments related this aspect of labor in industrial setting.

In 1911, he published his most famous book: principles of scientific management.

He was among the first experts who systematically tried to formulate some universal management principles:

• Workers should have a detailed, clearly defined, daily task;
• Standardized conditions are needed to ensure the task is more easily accomplished;
• High payment should be given to the workers who managed to successfully complete their tasks. Workers who failed to their standards, in turn, should be sanctioned and receive less compensation.

According to Taylor management must execute several new duties:

• The development of a true science;
• The scientific selection, education and development of workers;
• Friendly, close co-operation between management and workers. .

In summary it may be stated that Taylor emphasized the need for time and motion study, effective control over performance by the use of the "exception principle", the definition of responsibility and effective selection and training of personnel.

He spoke on the subject at a conference and stressed that people who did not understand his principles and applied his advices in an erroneous manner. Taylor stressed that his principles cannot solve all management problems. He warned that his principles are related to techniques and should not be confused with the aims of an enterprise. Although Taylor's work may be overestimated, he was the first management expert who clearly codified certain practices and the application of the practices has made many factories operate much better: more efficient.

He and his contemporaries Gantt, Gilbreth and Emerson stressed the "engineering approach."